A Midsummer Night?s Dream Essay -- essays research papers

Loves Misfortunes A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is a romantic comedy written by William Shakespeare. It deals with the feelings of love and marriage as well as the laws and social order of the time. The story contains fairies and other mystical creatures who take it upon themselves to guide the mortals in the directions they think necessary. This leads to many hilarious situations and misfortunes for the humans. There are many characters in the play and, for the most part, each one is in love with one of the other characters. The play starts with Theseus, the Duke of Athens, proposing to Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons. This is the only couple throughout the play who seem to never waver in their love for each other. These two seem to have a perfect love for each other, much like the love Hermia and Lysander have for each other before the fairies intervene. The other couple in the story that are of royal blood are Oberon, the king of the fairies, and Titania, the queen of the fairies. These two are having a lovers quarrel which has sent the seasons out of order and caused great disorder. Oberon is in love with Hoppolyta and Titania is in love with Theseus. Their lovers quarrels provide much of the comedy in the play. The other four characters caught in love triangles are Lysander and Hermia, who are in love with each other, Demetrius who loves Hermia, and Helena who loves Demetrius. Lysander and Hermia wish to marry each other but Hermia’s father, Egeu...

Julius Caesar Vs. Political Cartoon Essay

Conflicting perspectives exist within texts and their representation is affected by the context of the composer. Using your prescribed text and a related text of your own choosing, assess the impact of this statement on a contemporary audience. Hello user coolkitty96, and the rest of HSC tutorial users who will stumble across this video, you seem to be having some trouble with Julius Caesar in Module C, are you not? Well no fear of Shakespeare, as I am here! I believe what you should first focus on is the understanding of the module, as it’s going to be the main focus; the rest should come naturally. Anyway, as you should already know, the process of composition often seeks to represent an opinion in such way that it attempts to influence the responders to agree or empathise with the composer. Now, due perspective being such a subjective topic, conflict will inevitably arise, which then creates different interpretations of the original story. The context of a composer will sha pe the way in which perspectives are represented within a text, blurring the fine line between truth and propaganda. These viewpoints can be explored in different textual representations, for example Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, as well as a visual representation of text, such as Latuff’s political cartoon On the Gaza-Israel Conflict., Values and personal beliefs, experiences as well as influences from the society and culture of the composer are present within such texts thus remaining relevant to a more modern audience, allowing a better understanding of truth and how its perceiving is explored within the text. Okay, so the society which surrounds the composer and his personal beliefs shapes the way in which the truth is conveyed within a text. You can see this in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, which was actually written to examine issues of leadership, politics, honour and patriotism within his society. Through the manipulations of the characters dialogue, Shakespeare is able to highlight this purpose. An example of this could be the discussions between Cassius and Brutus in Act 1 scene 2 where Cassius begins to implant on Brutus the idea that â€Å"This man is now become a god† and must  be stopped. It is impossible that the words written by Shakespeare were the ones uttered at the time of the event, especially due to the Latin to English translations, thus displaying the effect of context and purpose of a text and its effect within the actual representation. The composer, as well as a vast majority of the Elizabethan population, was also a superstitious figure and a believer in the Great chain of being and the order it imposes. This is highlighted through the Death of Caesar within the play, and the tragedy it creates. Caesar, as head of the senate, held high amounts of power and his murder by his fellow senators who led the conspiracy plot, upset the natural balance of the order. The tension and drama created by these actions act as the catalyst for the rest of the play. The last line spoken by Caesar before his death â€Å"Then fall Caesar† is used to symbolise the impeding downfall of the Roman Empire due to the importance of Caesar at the time. The line also presents to the audience a humble and resigned ruler, whom accepted the people’s choice of his death for the benefit of Rome, a contrasting truth to what Cassius had originally propagated of a God-like Caesar who would never refuse his power. This allows the audienc e of the time a simple understanding of a similar political situation to their own, highlighting the vulnerability of an unstable government. The political situations and references found within the text allow it to remain pertinent to a more modern audience, educating them on the social and moral perspectives held during the composer’s life. As well as that, the experiences of a composer allow the exploration of a topic and perspectives discussed within a text, dictating the way it is represented. Now, Shakespeare was a famous playwright of the time and it seemed logical for him to express his ideologies through his popular plays to comment on his society. Shakespeare was able to use scenes such as the Brutus vs. Antony orations to stress the conflicting ideals between truth and propaganda, as well as their effects on society. Shakespeare captures Brutus’s honesty when he states â€Å"I honour him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him† through his use of prose within the speech. Prose reveals to the audience of plebeians Brutus’ rational and logical thinking behind assassinating Caesar, to which he emphasised â€Å"not that I loved Caesar less, but I loved Rome more.† The way in which Brutus excuses his actions appears to be beneficiary to the population instead for his selfish purposes, as well as depicting Caesar as  a negative influence to the Roman Empire. This is soon contradicted by Antony’s oration which was written in blank verse. The speech mocks as well as contrasts Brutus’ intentions implicitly though the repetition of â€Å"But Brutus is an honourable man† which follows conflicting contradictory statements. This depicts Antony’s oration skills as both more superior and authentic to Brutus’s speech as it exposes the contrast between higher and lower order rhetoric. Brutus’s and Antony’s orations, create a powerful scene which can be linked to the easily influenced society the modern audience lives in, highlighting the impacts of how the truth is presented and how it is perceived. These concepts revolving around the impact of the context of a composer on his creations is not just limited to literary texts, it is also applicable to visual texts, such as the political cartoons created by Latuff in response to the Gaza-Israel Conflict. Carlos Latuff began satirically cartooning this issue after his visit to the Gaza strip in the 1990’s. He is of Mexican descent; therefore his background doesn’t affect his views as much as if he was Israeli or Palestinian, though his perception of what is true and what is right drive his work. Through the picture â€Å"Israeli side vs. Palestinian Side† (2009) his focus on anti-capitalism, anti-globalisation and anti-US military intervention is highlighted. This representation is heavily critical on Israel, who is associated with all of that, as it depicts a â€Å"spot the difference† situation; by displaying two similar cartoons in essence, which then have been altered to depict Latuff’s perspective on the events. On the left side, the Israeli perspective on the war, according to the composer, is shown with a small bomb, appearing to be faulty, landing in the street, surrounded by a shocked crowd with no apparent visible damage. On the right side, labelled â€Å"Palestinian side† a distressing scene is depicted with crumbling buildings, fire, blood and death present within the visual. The way in which the cartoon is composed suggests to the audience an exaggeration of the situation, a common form within political cartoons. Having said that, it is evident that the Israeli’s are advantaged financially in this situation. By posting this on the internet Latuff has rendered this piece available to all audiences, impacting the viewer’s opinion on the conflict upon finding it, demanding action though the use of this distressing and contrasting image. So to sum this all up, the representation of a text is affected by the  composer’s context and the way in which they choose to portray a particular perspective. The society, values and personal beliefs as well as the experiences of a composer impact the representation of a text as seen in Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Julius Caesar† and Latuff’s â€Å"Israeli vs. Palestinian Side† cartoon. Not only are they relevant to the audience which the text was originally composed for, but the interpretation of the message allows it to remain pertinent to modern audiences due to the messages and insights into the composers conte xts found within. That wasn’t too hard was it? Now, remember to comment, like and subscribe below, and my email is in the description box if you require any further clarification. Oh, and good luck with your HSC!

Prohibition and United States Society in 1920s Essay

Prohibition and United States Society in 1920s Prohibition was the legal ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol. It was introduced in 1919 and was viewed as the answer to many of Americas problems. It was thought that the end of alcohol in America would spark a new and greater society in America. People believed that it would reduce crime, drunkenness, violence and that it would reduce families in poverty because the men would not go out spending all the money on alcohol. With much pressure from groups such as the, Anti Saloon League, and the Womens Christians Temperance Union. These two groups both helped convince congress to pass the 18th amendment, prohibition. For a†¦show more content†¦Plus bootleg alcoholic beverages like beer and whisky were created, the whole drinking scene was slowly starting to look like its former self. The most confusing statistic is that before prohibition there were less speakeasies then there were during prohibition. So therefore the introduction of prohibition had actually increased Americas alcohol intake rate. When Prohibition started it opened up an opportunity for local gangsters to make some money and then expand their business and many of them took this opportunity. Probably the most famous of all the gangsters was called Al Capone. He was the leader of a huge organisation and he saw the business opportunities for himself to restore alcohol in America. The first thing that Capone did was to start importing alcohol from Canada. He would then sell it on to some dealers for a fee. When Al Capone started to help supply these speakeasies with alcohol the police started to investigate his transactions to try and catch him. He then proceeded to discover that many policemen who investigated him drank in speakeasies and so he offered them small lump sums to continually report back with nothing, this is how his business thrived. Another way that Capone and his goons made money was to go through a process of racketeering. This was a process where people who representedShow MoreRelatedHow did the Prohibition Change the United States of America (USA)? And why was it a failure?1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe word Prohibition as stated in the World Book encyclopaedia refers to laws that are designed to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages. The enforcement of the Volstead Act in the United States of America (USA) saw the nationwide beginning of the prohibition on the 16th of January 1920. The Prohibition brought about a change in attitude for the people of the United States (USA). It caused an extreme rise in crime; encouraging everyday people to break the law and increased the amount ofRead More The Roaring Twenties Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesage of prosperity and change. The United States experienced a recession that was followed by a period of unlimited prosperity. Although the United States enco untered both positive and negative experiences, it proved to be very influential in the future. The 1920s were definitely Roaring in more ways than one. There were major changes in American Society during the 1920s that took place. Many new industries emerged during this decade that influenced society and the American way of life. EvenRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages The 1920’s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulations that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It wasRead More Prohibiton Was a Failure Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages Prohibition Was a Failure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is illegal! â€Å"The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright now; women will smile and children will laugh. Hell will be forever rent† (Thorton 9). The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution went into effect on January 16, 1920, with three-fourths vote from congress (Boorstin 994). The National Prohibition of Alcohol was adopted toRead MoreThe 1920 S1718 Words   |  7 Pages The 1920’s were mainly known for the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, Prohibition, and the generation where women were guaranteed the right to vote. The 1920’s has been argued to be either very conservative or liberal, but it can go either way. Although the 1920’s are conservative because of economic reasons involving immigration, the 1920’s are liberally revolutionary because of cultural changes with women and religio us changes from the Scopes Trial. Granted, the 1920’s were majorly conservativeRead MoreProhibition Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesProhibition The years leading into the 1920s and the prohibition movement were marked with saloons, drunkenness, and a society of increasing alcohol consumption. Americas changing social habits brought on the passage of the Eighteenth amendment in 1919, placing a nation-wide ban on intoxicating liquors. This amendment was to prevent the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages. As the new law was established, the problem of enforcing Americans to obey the law was a great taskRead MoreProhibition in Canada Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesProhibition in Canada Prohibition was a very interesting time in the history of Canada it was a very good time period for the country and also a bad time for the country. Prohibition all began to rise around the 1840s and the 1850s by temperance groups in Canada, this set the bases for prohibition because some people were starting to see the affect that alcohol had on a society. Prohibition actually only lasted for two years ( 1917 to 1920 ) through out the entire country, except Quebec theyRead More Cultural Report: Prohibition964 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Report: Prohibition - â€Å"The Noble Experiment† The 1920s was an era brimming with changes in the social order and culture in the United States, and these changes evidently brought about anxiety and confusion over the evolving concept of â€Å"Americanness†. Prohibition, officially enacted on January 17, 1920, is viewed retrospectively as a lunging effort on the part of the â€Å"old money† European American population to impose their ideals, values, control and power in the face ofRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties1460 Words   |  6 Pages The Nineteen Twenties, sometimes known as The Roaring Twenties ,was the time period between 1920-1929. Jazz music, flappers, and bootlegging were prominent during this time. Alcohol was banned causing the crime rates to skyrocket and the consumption of alcohol fluctuated. The nineteen twenties were a time for change both socially and politically. America’s wealth increased significantly and people listened to the same genres of music, and bought the same thing s. Even with all the changes thatRead More Prohibition Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pages Prohibition nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout history, the need and presence of governing forces have always existed. Governments, by the use of legislation, make choices in the best interest of the people. The Nineteenth Century was popular for the great amounts of alcohol that the average person consumed. Such popularity spawned and entire social movement against alcohol. This movement was called the Noble Experiment. Although it failed to directly ban alcohol, the movement contributed

The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay - 1370 Words

In the depths of shadows, in where no one dares to look, there often occurs some of the most unspeakable inhumane acts that could ever be possibly conceived. Perhaps, even more alarming, the shadows in which these atrocities occur are often cast by those institutions who have sworn to govern and protect the lives of people all across the globe. Yet, despite these oaths, governments have repeatedly justified their own shameless acts of cruelty in the name of security. Torture, under the guise of politics, essentially occurs when an individual is subjected to severe pain and suffering by the hands of someone in a position of authority. It, like shadows under a candlelight, can take on various forms: it can be either physical, psychological, or a mixture of both. Since the United Nations publication of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) torture has been internationally outlawed by over 156 countries (â€Å"Torture,† 2016, paragraph 3. This proclamation lists thirty articles regarding human rights and asserts that the underlying duty of all governmental bodies is to respect, protect, and promote the interests of these rights. However, regardless of this triumph, states continue to brutally disregard these moral rights, in particular, the prohibition against torture. It is here in where Amnesty International (AI), a non-governmental organization with global influence, comes into the fray by taking the initiative in investigating, exposing, and confronting governments onShow MoreRelatedThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. The aim of the Declaration was to ensure that an atrocity such as the mass killings of Jews and other minorities in Nazi Germany would never happenRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights1131 Words   |  5 PagesHuman rights are moral principles that set out specific standards of human behavior, and are normally ensured as lawful rights in both national and global law. They are acknowledged to be inalienable, since anybody is characteristically qualified for it essentially on the grounds that they are individuals. Whatever our nationality, sex, shade, religion, dialect, or ethnic source is, we are all just as qualified for our rights without separation or discrimination. All human rights are resolute andRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pages The Universal Declaration of Human rights was adopted in the UN gene ral assembly by the 10th December 1948. This is the first time that the world recognized that everyone had the right to enjoy freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom from fear and want, and many other rights. International human rights come along way; before there was no rights. The idea of having rights that led to the development of international human rights takes time. There are benchmarks developments in internationalRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesA human right is an ethical choice and moral belief belonging to all humans regardless of traits, status, location, color, gender, or belief system. Making the connection to a universal law, the United Nations Rights High Commissioner explains these rights are, â€Å"guaranteed by law† and protected as â€Å"fundamental freedoms† (OHCHR, 2016). The Cambridge Dictionary defines privilege as â€Å"an advantage that only one person or group of people has† listing examples such as having a high social position or wealthRead MoreUniversal Declaration Of Human Rights1263 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a doctrine created to ensure a mutual standard of treatment amongst all humans, every person deserves an equal set of life standards. According to Article 18 of this 30 Article document, â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teachingRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1417 Words   |  6 PagesImplemented in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) delineates the basic rights and freedoms entitled to all humans. The freedom of speech and the right to express beliefs freely is a universal human right protected by Article 19 of the UDHR. It declares that â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† and can â€Å"hold opinions without interference†. The regional agreements of Iran, China and Bahrain are in accordance with the Universal Declaration and are fully dedicatedRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights892 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rigths is an essential component of a tolerant and individually satisfied society. They are created to defend people’s dignity, equality and liberty. However, for thousands of years people lived with no garanteed rights, until 1948, when United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But is the Universal Declaration of Human Rigths really universal to all states and humans living in them? I am going to argue if Human Rights should or should not be unically adapted to differentRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights875 Words   |  4 PagesI feel that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) does have a western bias. Many people look to US for guidance, but not many other nations copy our way of life. States can sign treaties, but they cannot be reassured that the other nation will keep its word. The US and the UN should maybe not be engaging in promoting western society, but they should be engaging in promoting the protection of human rights. The UN UDHR fought for minimal rights in 1948 by identifying three types of generationsRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1485 Words   |  6 Pages1003236982 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"that human rights are held by all persons equally and universally forever† –hence, they are universal held. This is due to them being the exact same for all human beings anywhere in the world. One cannot acquire human rights because of where they come from, but because they are a member of the human race. Nobody can lose those human rights, nor can they be taken away for whatever the reason may be. Together, we have the right to express ourselvesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Universal Human Rights869 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Assembly (UNGA) set forth a declaration of universal human rights. The goal was to set a common standard of rights based on â€Å"recognition of the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.† It was meant to become the perfect social contract but unfortunately was not upheld even by the signatory nations themselves. Many critics now looking b ack have cited the overreaching ideals as the downfall of the declaration but yet many have responded saying it

Gender Distinction Between Sex And Gender - 1469 Words

Three objectives will be tried to achieve in this paper: 1) Explicate the distinction between sex and gender. 2) I will go through the Sally Haslanger’s argument which supports the distinction, and Rachel Williams’ argument which objects the sex and gender distinction. 3) I will examine that the necessity of having the sex and gender distinction in the society. I suggest that the necessity of having the sex and gender distinction is perspective-sensitive, which means that the necessity of having the distinction is different under different perspectives. I will examine the necessity in two perspectives: i) personal, and ii) social. I claim that the people do not necessarily need the S/G (sex and gender) distinction in the personal†¦show more content†¦In this concept of S/G, it is possible to have cases that there is a female- man or male-woman since sex and gender are distinct (Haslanger 2). In Rachel Williams’ article, she has similar definition of Sex as Haslenger but different in the definition of gender. Williams defines that sex is the â€Å"biological sex†, and gender is â€Å"psychological sex† or â€Å"gender identity† (Williams 1). To clarify, I interpret Wiliiams’ definition of gender as one’s self-identification of one’s gender, which means the gender of a person is depended on how one identifies oneself. Williams uses a case of transgender to illustrate the S/G distinction; she illustrates that one can conceive a trans woman who can have a physical body of male and identify herself as a woman, and vice versa (1). Haslanger’s argument in supporting the S/G distinction In Haslanger’s argument, having the S/G distinction is important to pursue social justice in a society. She states that the contemporary structure of the gender causes social injustice such as men-domination, oppression to women, etc. Haslanger thinks that the contemporary concept of gender need to be redefined in a way that people can be gendered with no oppression happening, and this redefined structure of gender provides not only a social status to people but also a â€Å"non-hierarchically grounded gender identities† (Haslanger 6); which means that people can be gendered in the sense that no gender is more supreme than other genders (6). For sex,Show MoreRelatedDistinction Between Sex And Gender1740 Words   |  7 Pages distinction between sex and gender be defined? In discussing whether the distinction between sex and gender can be defined I am going to use the early distinction between the two and how this has been socially constructed to identify if there is a distinction. Additionally, I am going to use a variety of feminist influences since the 1960’s, to draw upon the main issues when defining sex and gender. I will investigate the implications of defining sex and gender by looking at sexism. I hope thisRead MoreThe Distinction Between The Terms Sex And Gender 1632 Words   |  7 Pagesaddress the distinction between the terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’. Then I will explain how, basing on this understanding, will we be able to explore how societies used to function on more traditional approaches of gender association with sexes and the impacts that arose as a result of this framework. Lastly, I will attempt to show how, with greater researches and understandings of sex and gender is achieved, societies have ev olved and the engendered implications. ‘‘Sex’ is a biological term; ‘gender’ a psychologicalRead MoreSex, Gender, And Gender1468 Words   |  6 PagesPopular understanding reflects the view that sex refers to ones biological functions in comparison to gender, which is solely explained as a cultural impact in depicting ones identity. The conveying of these two concepts create implications in demonstrating the understanding of ones sex or gender as distinct elements, of personal characteristics and human traits. Sex and gender are two contrasting features constantly interrelating, in day-to-day lives. A concise narrowing will be drawn from thisRead MoreRelationship Between Sex And Gender Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe distinction of gender from came from the move away from biological determinism and conservative antifeminist politics. The meaning of gender will continue to develop and will continue becoming more fluid with time. Introduction The sex and gender distinction is an idea that has been rethought as recently as the 1970’s, with input from academics such as Ann Oakley and John Money. In this essay I will be discussing how biological determinism assisted in the development of the term gender, andRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pages Most people believe gender and sex are kindred, but they’re not. There is a difference between gender and sex. According to OpenStax, â€Å"Sex is how society classifies a person’s genetic and biological anatomy. Gender is how an individual views their identity, regardless of sex. Sex is biological in nature and determines one s biological destiny. Gender, on the other hand, helps define one s role within society†. Sex is based on genetics, whereas gender is based on the environmental surrounding.Read More‚Äà ºGender‚Äà ¹ and the Importance of ‚Äà ºthe Social Construction of Gender.à ¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ¹835 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Gender† and the Importance of â€Å"The Social Construction of Gender.† Gender is an individual s natural sense of themselves existing as a male or female, which may hold opposing views from their biological sex. I believe sex and gender are two terms used interchangeably. Sex implies the biological characteristics among females and males. Whereas gender implies the social qualities connected with being a female or male. As Lorber states, â€Å"I am arguing that bodies differ physiologically, but theyRead MoreEssay on Distrinction between Sex, Gender, and Society890 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the distinction between sex and gender? Is there even a distinction between the two? How are these concepts shaped? Are these two concepts constructed by the same source? The sex-gender distinction wasn’t popularized until the 1970s, when it became the foundation of Western feminist thought. A traditional feminist definition of sex and gender is included in Ann Oakley book, Sex, Gender, and Society, where sex is defined as a biological feature and gender as a â€Å"matter of culture: it refersRead MoreGender Inequality Between Men And Women1255 Words   |  6 PagesHowever feminism maintains that women are treated in an unfair ways. Social gender roles lead to various forms of inequality and disparity between men and women, which in relation to the socio economic, political and cultural ideologies plays a negative role in girls (Asley 2014) .While some societies, defend gender differences based on their cultural norms and religious beliefs, this tends to restrict women physical and mental space.†Across social classes girls tends to have less physical mobilityRead MoreEssay about Women and Men Are Made, Not Born987 Words   |  4 Pagesof complex social processes. Beauvoir’s statement suggests that gender roles and behaviour are not inherent and that social positioning should not be determined by sex. This essay will begin by drawing a distinction between sex and gender, and will then discuss two arguments that explor e the origins of gender difference; social construction theory as implied by Beauvoir’s statement, and the biological determinist position. Gender refers to the socially constructed categories of ‘masculine’ andRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage966 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant factors which exist in the research of studies focusing on same-sex and heterosexual couples and the challenges they experience with bringing up children. The main focus of the articles is to draw on the conclusion on same-sex couples. When dealing with families of same sex marriages you must put into consideration how families are the same and different from traditional families. In today s society many of same-sex couples are confronted with social irregular characteristics which may cause

The Case Study Australian Taxation Issue

Question: Discuss about the Case Studyfor Australian Taxation Issue. Answer: Introduction: Australian Government has distinct taxation systems in many forms to earn revenue for the people and organizations of Australia as per the set method and standard. Every individual and business organization has to pay taxes to all levels of government authorities. Normally taxes are collected to transfer payments and pay public services with the compulsory expenses to be borne by the government for the interest of the nation. There prevail various types of taxes in Australia namely Personal Income Taxes, Capital Gains Tax, Corporate Taxes, Trustee Liability Taxes, Goods and Services Taxes, Property Taxes, Departure Tax, Excise Taxes, Fuel Taxes, Luxury Car Tax, Customs Duties, Payroll Taxes, Fringe Benefit Tax, Inheritance Tax, Superannuation Taxes etc. The most significant form of Australian Taxation is Income Tax which is collected by federal government through Australian Taxation Office. The Goods and Services Taxes or GST is also collected by the federal government of Australia(Reinhardt Steel, 2010). The various Acts are applied on taxation systems. Section 14ZZC implies the Taxation Administration Act 1953, Section 29 implies Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975, Section 995-1 refers Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, and Section 105-5 refers to Administrative Act etc. In this article we will discuss a case study of appeal to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia. The case to be discussed here is related to Goods and Service Tax and the parties to this case are FKYL as applicant and Commissioner of Taxation as respondent. The petition has been made to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia by the applicant to get rid of the penalties imposed by the Commissioner of Taxation. Referred case number is AATA 810 dated 14th October 2016. Outline of the Section Breached: Section 14ZZK of the Administrative Act implies that applicants must bear the onus of the taxes to prove that the assessments were excessive since the most of the applicants apparently have no legal issue for objections but rather they are concerned with the justice of the reassessment of the process. Section 105-5 provides that the assessment of the net amount of part of the net amount for a tax period can be levied at any time by the Commissioner. This is a discernable issue to go to the right of the Commissioner to make the assessments outside what was declared as time bound(ATO, 2015). Section 155-65 of the Administrative Act infers that within 4 years of starting of the day the Commissioner first gave the notice, he/she may also amend the assessment which is simply lawful. There have few instances. On 27th November 2014 the applicant with notices of assessment of net amount was issued by the Commissioner, the quarterly tax period was between 1st July 2010 and 30th June 2012. A notice of amended assessment of the net amount in respect of the quarter between 1st July 2012 and 30th September 2014 was issued by the Commissioner later. The Commissioner called attention to a point that the applicant has misdirected the focus of the taxation on the purchased land or completed house onto the years rather than the date of supply of each of those properties occurred. The date of supply rather the date of purchase or completion of construction attracts GST liability(Austlii, 2003). According to Section 40-75 of the GST Act, the Applicant refers that they can sell a house being used more than five years. The Applicant claimed that they were no longer subject to any GST. This is not an accurate description. Section 40-35(1) (a) of the GST Act refers to input tax to the five-year rule which applies only of the residential premises which are new residential premises and have only been used for making supplies. The day starts on that day on which the premises or building or land is being used as a residential accommodation. In other words, time is only being counted once a person has a right to occupy the premises; its not that the period during the construction continues. The property should be examined to determine if that becomes residential premises whether the five-year rule applies. There was an instance on email dated 18th February 2015 to the ATO, the Applicant said that each house was built and expressed the purpose of selling it(Austlii, 2017). Case History In the referred case of Appeal to the authority by FKYL, it was observed by the appellate authority that FKYL who were registered under GST refer to Division 25 of GST was found to be the sole trader of carrying out the business of house construction. They were engaged in the construction of premises which were used for residential purpose in four blocks of Victoria. FKYL had rented those premises initially and then they were subsequently sold to the intended buyers. There were no production of tax invoice to the Australian Taxation Office with no claim of input tax credit by the applicant refer to the premises as they were purchased by the applicant on Margin Scheme as per section 75-5 of the GST Act. For the quarter ending 31.03.2011, the applicant had claimed input credit of GST for $ 81,635. Commissioner of Taxation had informed KFYL that an audit will take place for the period 01.07.2010 to 30.06.2014. The commission informed the applicant that GST and ABN registration of KFYL is cancelled with effect from 30.09.2014 and also informed an imposition of administrative penalty of $ 40,817.50. Computation of total demand by the Commissioner was $ 81,635 and assessed penalty was $40,817.50. The applicant had lodged and informal complaint against this imposition by ATO which was subsequently attended by officer of Tax department. It was observed by the officer that the registration of KFYL could reinstated related to GST and ABN and the applicant is not eligible for claim under Margin Scheme due to non existence of Agreements between the seller and the buyer as per Section 75-5 of Act no. 78.the process concluded with the fresh determination of GST of Applicant as $ 116,091(Austlii, 2016). Further to the above calculation, input credit allowed to the applicant was $ 45,652 on account of construction cost and $ 8,115 on non-construction costs. Applicant was not satisfied with this decision and had placed their application to the Tribunal as per section 29 of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975. Observation of the Tribunal Authority Egon Fice, Senior Member of the Tribunal has depicted following points: It is being observed that the objections of the applicant had no legal basis but were more intended with fairness of the process for reassessment. As per section 14ZZK of Administration Act, liability is to be borne by the applicant to prove the assessment was incorrect so far excessiveness of imposed amount. The proceedings will honor only the claim justified with legality(Austlii, 2017). Basic perceptible issue as raised by the applicant so far the right of the Commissioner related to time limit for assessment are endorsed by Section 105-5 and 155-60 of Administration Act for the purpose of derivation of assessment amount with feasible amendment . It is also noted that the notice of assessment issued by the Commissioner is as per section 155-65 of the Administration Act so far time limit is concerned(Legislation, 2012). As per the notification of the Commissioner, the applicant had tried to mislead the authority related to purchase of land and the completion of the premises instead of the properties being transferred, which is liable to GST liability. As per the applicant, the premises were sold when they were older than five years which is to substantiate non-applicability of GST which was also misleading as per section 40-75 of GST Act.(Austlii, 2003) Refer to compliance of five year rule related to premises sale out, it is being observed that the applicant has not complied with the rule and proved that cost of supply of the properties are to be covered under the GST Act as per supply of new residential properties. Refer to eligibility under margin scheme the same had not been complied with section 75-5 of GST Act due to absence of agreement between the applicant and the buyers. This had authenticated the claim of the Commissioner to levy GST on the supply of the properties beyond the effect of margin scheme(Austlii, 2000). Refer to input tax credit of the case, the same is being conferred in section 11-5 and 11-15 of the said Act related to creditable acquisition whether partly or fully and it is also observed that the Commissioner had considered construction and non-construction costs. Refer to construction cost, it is considered by the Commissioner that part of construction cost is comprised of taxable supplies and part is with input tax supplies which attracted the application of section 11-30 of GST Act and the apportionment of cost was considered by the Commissioner which, as per him, was fair and reasonable with the context. The commissioner had not allowed the claim of the applicant for expenditure spent consequential to renting of the premises. It is rightly done by the Commissioner as the same expenses were not spent for creditable purposes and that should be subsequently disallowed(Legislation, 2012). Refer to non-construction cost, the applicant had applied for time and that had been allowed by the Tribunal. In spite of that allowed time, applicant had sent a mail on 05.05.2016 which had altered the earlier claim of non-construction costs with the justification to rely upon the purpose of the application which was declined as the same was supported by unauthenticated invoices with unclear type of description contained in the invoices. Refer to concluding penalties the same had been provisioned through section 284-75 so far eligibility of penalties to the applicant is concerned, and 284-80 so far the amount of penalties to be imposed. It was found that the Commissioner had levied at the rate of 25% for incomplete submission of BASs. Conclusion: The Tribunal Authority had conferred that the Commissioner was entitled legally at any time to do any assessment of the net payable amount of GST less input credit for the specified quarterly period between 01.07.2010 to 30.06.2012. Since 01.07.2012 as per introduction of Subdivision 155-A, the commissioner is empowered to amend the assessment of the assessable amount which is to be exercised with four years with the start day after the day on which first notice had been served by the Commissioner under Section 155-10 of Administration Act. It is also pointed out that the commissioner had made some arithmetical mistake in determination of input tax credit related to non-construction costs. The amount of input tax credit should be $ 8115 instead of $6,296 which is found correct. It is also conferred that the applicant is not entitled for any GST Credit related acquisitions of the properties due to non applicability of margin scheme, but they are eligible GST credit for construction and non-construction costs with the consideration that same expenses are not connected to the rental of the properties. It was observed that the assessment done by the Commissioner regarding GST credit entitlement percentage had shown reasonable and justified apportionment considering allowable and non-allowable expenditure keeping in mind the role of the applicant to bear the onus of the Applicant to prove the assessment is excessive and the Applicant could not discharge onus in this aspect. The Commissioner had made reduction of the shortfall penalties of the applicant from 50 to 25% which is right decision as the applicant had not been able to show reasonable care to compete the BASs. With the above conclusions, it was found to be judicious and lawful on the part of the decision of the Commissioner related to the GST liabilities of the Applicant in each assessed quarter and found those are correct for the period ended on 31.03.2011. The amount thus derived should vary to $ 17,910 following the shortfall penalty of the applicant to be reduced to $ 14,394. There was no such evidence produced by the applicant which can make these amounts reduced. References: ATO, 2015. History. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/About-ATO/About-us/Who-we-are/Our-history/ [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Ato, 2016. Working out your capital gain. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/general/capital-gains-tax/working-out-your-capital-gain-or-loss/working-out-your-capital-gain/ [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Austlii, 1999. A new Tax System (Goods and Services Act) Act 1999. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/antsasta1999402/ [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Austlii, 2000. Commonwealth Consolidated Acts. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/antsasta1999402/s195.1.html [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Austlii, 2000. Taxation Administration Act 1953. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/taa1953269/ [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Austlii, 2003. Taxation Administration Act 1953 - Schedule 1. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/taa1953269/sch1.html [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Austlii, 2016. Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/AATA/2016/810.html [Accessed 06 February 2017]. Austlii, 2017. A new Tax System(Goods and Service Tax) Act 1999 - Notes. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/antsasta1999402/notes.html [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Legislation, 2012. Indirect Tax Laws Amendment (Assessment) Act 2012. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C00974 [Accessed 05 February 2017]. Reinhardt, S. Steel, L., 2010. A brief history of Australias tax system. [Online] Available at: https://www.taxsuperandyou.gov.au/sites/default/files/01_Brief_History.pdf [Accessed 05 February 2017].

This I Believe... free essay sample

â€Å"You get what you deserve†, What if the world didn’t believe in an eye for an eye. The world would be full of criminals. I believe in an eye for an eye. One day my friend called me. He asked me if I wanted to go to a field party and I said yes. So that night we drove out to the farm. As soon as we got there I got out and got some hot wings and he went to talk to his friend. Later that night a guy came up and punched me in the back of the head when I got up I couldn’t find him. Finally after about two hours I found him sitting in a chair I ran up and jumped on him and started hitting him in the face. We both fell on the ground in the time that we were on the ground I grabbed an empty bottle and hit him in the back of the head and he fell off of me. We will write a custom essay sample on This I Believe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although that is not the only time that this experience has happened. One day me and my dad went out to the barn to feed the mules. I was feeding the last mule and I heard my Catahoula cur dog barking so I went to see what he was barking at. It was chasing one of my colts across the field and its ankles were bleeding. So I ran to the truck and grabbed my rifle, ran back down to the barn and shot up in the air and he stopped. I called him to me and as soon as he stopped he come running to me and I pointed my rifle at him and as soon as he stopped and I shot him. One night me and my buddy were out cat fishing and we had been there for about four hours. We were about to pack up and leave until I herd my reel clicking and I ran over to my rod picked it up and gave it a huge yank because catfish have the toughest mouths of any fish ever. And as soon as hooked him I knew I had me a big one. Well I reeled and reeled and finally got him right were I wanted him right up next to the bank as soon as I got him on the bank my buddy came over to help me because this fish was a huge one. As soon as he got over to me he tripped and fell right on my line and gave it slack and the fish that I had struggled so long to get to the bank had been released back to the river. So I just started packing up I was very mad I glimpsed over only to see him leaning over a rotten tub of chicken livers picking up stuff so I walked over to him and pushed him in and he fell on the rotten tub of chicken livers. I believe you get what you deserve. So after telling you these stories I think you can tell what I believe. So I think that you should get what you deserve.